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Role at time of video recording: Director of Army Capabilities Integration Center
Date of recording: January 2017
Expert Perspectives - Bios
Lieutenant General H. R. McMaster, Ph.D.
At time of recorded interview (January 2017), LTG H.R. McMaster served as the Director of the Army Capabilities Integration Center (ARCIC) and Deputy Commanding General, Futures of the U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command. He then went on to serve as the U.S. National Security advisor in March 2017. He is known for playing significant roles in several overseas military operations, including the Gulf War, Operation Enduring Freedom, and Operation Iraqi Freedom. LTG McMaster's military education and training includes the Airborne and Ranger Schools, Armor Officer Basic and Career Courses, the Cavalry Leaders Course, the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, and a U.S. Army War College fellowship at the Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace. He holds a Ph.D. in American History from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and is a graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point.Role at time of video recording: Director of Army Capabilities Integration Center
Date of recording: January 2017
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Role at time of video recording: Commander of the 44th Medical Brigade
Date of recording: February 2017
Expert Perspectives - Bios
Colonel Paula Lodi
At time of recorded interview, COL Paula Lodi served as the Commander of the 44th Medical Brigade, Ft. Bragg, NC. She has 26 years of service in the U.S. Army, specializing in healthcare operations and multifunctional logistics. Her previous assignments include the Army staff at the Pentagon and Commander of the Special Troops Battalion, 15th Sustainment Brigade. She is a veteran of three tours in Iraq where she served as a Corps-level Operational Planner and as Executive Officer for a medical task force. Her service has also included humanitarian missions Operation Provide Comfort during the Gulf War and Hurricane Katrina relief. She holds Masters degrees in Military Operational Art and Science from the School of Advanced Military Studies, in National Security Policy Studies from the Naval War College, and in Public Administration from Troy University.Role at time of video recording: Commander of the 44th Medical Brigade
Date of recording: February 2017
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Role at time of video recording: VP, Center for Senior Leadership and Design, Abrams Learning and Information Systems, Inc.
Date of recording: November 2016
Expert Perspectives - Bios
Colonel (Ret.) Jim Greer, Ph.D.
Jim Greer is a Retired Army Colonel, serving 30 years in CONUS, Europe and the Middle East, including combat operations in Iraq, Afghanistan, Palestine, and the Balkans. COL Greer (ret.) commanded an infantry-heavy battalion task force in Bosnia, led the Operation Iraqi Freedom Study Group in the invasion of Iraq, was Chief of Staff of MNSTC-I and commanded 1st Armor Training Brigade. He played a significant role in Army transformation for Force XXI digitization and the Objective Force, was the Army’s representative to DOD’s Revolution in Military Affairs and led the transformation of Initial Entry Training from a Cold War paradigm to one that prepared Soldiers for 21st Century combat. An educator and trainer, he taught tactics at the U.S. Military Academy at West Point and was the Director of the School of Advanced Military Studies (SAMS). COL (ret.) Greer’s military and training education includes a B.S. from West Point, an M.S. in Educational Consulting at Long Island University, an M.S. in National Security from National War College, and a Ph.D. in Education from Walden University.Role at time of video recording: VP, Center for Senior Leadership and Design, Abrams Learning and Information Systems, Inc.
Date of recording: November 2016
DOWNLOADS
This page contains a set of items you can download or print as needed. Items include:- Building your Thinking Skills – Practical Exercises
- Scientific Evidence – Reports and Products
- Tools and Guides
- Additional Resources
- Expert Perspectives – Bios and Video Clips
Building Your Thinking Skills – Practical Exercises
1. Telling a Story Exercise
2. Asking Powerful Questions Exercise
3. Reflecting on Experience Exercise
4. Envisioning Potential Futures Exercise
Scientific Evidence - Reports and Products
- Organizational Barriers to Design
- Knowledge, Skills and Abilities for Army Design
- Design Metrics Contact ARI for report | email: angela.i.karrasch.civ@mail.mil
- Design Team Best Practices
- Strategic Thinking Compendium
- Enhancing Strategic Thinking Capability
- Visualizing Complex Problems Contact ARI for report | email: angela.i.karrasch.civ@mail.mil
- Strategic Thinking Skill Building Contact ARI for report | email: angela.i.karrasch.civ@mail.mil
Tools and Guides
- Making Sense of Complex Problems: A Resource for Teams
- Army Design Methodology Commander’s Resource
- An Integrated Planning System: Commander and Staff Handbook
- Army Design Methodology: A Guide to Assessing Your Implementation of the Army Design Methodology Contact ARI for report | email: angela.i.karrasch.civ@mail.mil
Additional Resources
Visual Thinking
- The Doodle Revolution: Unlock the Power to Think Differently
Author: S Brown - The Back of the Napkin: Solving Problems and Selling Ideas with Pictures
Author: D. Roam - Blah, Blah, Blah: What To Do When Words Don’t Work
Author: D. Roam - Periodic Table of Visualization Methods
Authors: Ralph Lengler and Martin Eppler, visual-literact.org
Complexity and Complex Problems
- Keeping it too simple: How the reductive tendency affects cognitive engineering
Authors: P. Feltovich, R. Hoffman, D. Woods, and A. Roesler - A leader’s framework for decision making
Authors: D. Snowden and M. Boone - An interview with Stanley McChrystal
Author: M. Miklaucic - Errors in Strategic Thinking: Anti-Politics and the Macro Bias
Author: Celestino Perez
Limitations Associated with PowerPoint
- The Cognitive style of PowerPoint: Pitching out corrupts within
Author: E. Tufte - How PowerPoint Stifles Understanding, Creativity, and Innovation Within Your Organization
Author: B. Zweibelson
Questioning and Critical Thinking
- The Art and Architecture of Powerful Questions
Author: E. Vogt - Asking the Right Questions: A Guide to Critical Thinking
Authors: M. Browne and S. Keeley - Performing a Project Pre-Mortem
Author: G. Klein - Six Thinking Hats
Author: E. de Bono
Teamwork
- Army Team Building ATP 6-22.6
Author: HQ, Department of the Army - Make space: How to set the stage for creative collaboration
Authors: S. Doorley and S. Witthoft
Reflective Practice
- The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think in Action
Author: D. Schon
Army Design Methodology
- Art of Design: Student Text, Version 2.0
Author: School of Advanced Military Studies - Army Design Methodology. FM 5-0.1.
Author: Headquarters, Department of the Army
Systems Thinking
- Thinking in systems: A primer
Author: D. Meadow
Thinking in Time
Expert Perspectives - Bios and Video Clips
Understanding and managing complex problems
- Tendency to over-simplify (LTG H.R. McMaster)
- Complex problems as non-linear (LTG H.R. McMaster)
- Identifying connections (COL Paula Lodi)
- Identifying connections (LTG H.R. McMaster)
- Continuous assessment and adaptability (LTG H.R. McMaster)
- Importance of visual thinking (COL (ret.) Jim Greer)
- Drawing to visualize complex problems (COL Paula Lodi)
- Value of diverse perspectives (LTG H.R. McMaster)
- Facing complex problems (COL (ret.) Jim Greer)
Importance of strategic thinking skills for current and emerging leaders
- Why strategic thinking skills are important for Army leaders (LTG H.R. McMaster)
- Connection between strategic thinking and strategic level (COL (ret.) Jim Greer)
- Connection between strategic thinking and strategic level (LTG H.R. McMaster)
- Developing strategic thinking skills over time (LTG H.R. McMaster)
- Why junior leaders need strategic thinking skills (LTG H.R. McMaster)
- Connection between strategic thinking and strategic level (COL Paula Lodi)
The role of practice in building advanced cognitive skills
- Why practice is important for skill-building (COL (ret.) Jim Greer)
- Why practice is important for skill-building (LTG H.R. McMaster)
- Building advanced cognitive skills early in one’s career (COL Paula Lodi)
Reflection skills: Importance, strategies, group reflection, real-world examples, challenges
- Why reflection is important (1) (COL (ret.) Jim Greer)
- Why reflection is important (2) (COL (ret.) Jim Greer)
- Why reflection is important (1) (LTG H.R. McMaster)
- Why reflection is important (2) (LTG H.R. McMaster)
- Why it’s important to reflect before and during events (COL (ret.) Jim Greer)
- Why it’s important to reflect before and during events (COL Paula Lodi)
- The importance of getting to why (COL (ret.) Jim Greer)
- Why it’s important to reflect as a group (COL (ret.) Jim Greer)
- Why it’s important to reflect as a group (COL Paula Lodi)
- Why it’s important to reflect as a group (LTG H.R. McMaster)
- Using reflection to establish a common vision (LTG H.R. McMaster)
- How we use reflective thinking to learn via AARs (COL Paula Lodi)
- How I use reflective thinking in my work (COL (ret.) Jim Greer)
- How I use reflective thinking in my work (COL Paula Lodi)
- How reflective thinking has helped me (COL Paula Lodi)
- Overcoming challenges of reflective thinking (LTG H.R. McMaster)
- Strategies for reflective thinking (COL (ret.) Jim Greer)
- Value of “Reflecting on Experience” exercise (LTG H.R. McMaster)
Questioning skills: Importance, fostering a culture, broad information search, real-world examples, powerful questions, question types, strategies
- Strategies for defining problems (LTG H.R. McMaster)
- Why asking questions is important (COL (ret.) Jim Greer)
- Why asking questions is important (COL Paula Lodi)
- Why asking questions is important for systems thinking (LTG H.R. McMaster)
- Why asking powerful questions is important (LTG H.R. McMaster)
- Importance of asking a variety of questions (COL (ret.) Jim Greer)
- What makes a question powerful (COL (ret.) Jim Greer)
- Tactical vs. strategic questions (1) (COL (ret.) Jim Greer)
- Tactical vs. strategic questions (2) (COL (ret.) Jim Greer)
- Strategies for questioning (COL (ret.) Jim Greer)
- Creating a culture of questioning (COL Paula Lodi)
- The questions an expert would ask: Demo (COL (ret.) Jim Greer)
- The questions an expert would ask: Demo (COL Paula Lodi)
- Value of “Asking Powerful Questions” exercise (LTG H.R. McMaster)
Seeking information from diverse sources
- Why broad information seeking is important (1) (COL (ret.) Jim Greer)
- Why broad information seeking is important (2) (COL (ret.) Jim Greer)
- Why broad information seeking is important (COL Paula Lodi)
- Why broad information seeking is important (LTG H.R. McMaster)
- The information an expert would seek (COL (ret.) Jim Greer)
Systems thinking skills: Importance, strategies, real-world examples
- Why systems thinking is important (COL (ret.) Jim Greer)
- Why systems thinking is important (LTG H.R. McMaster)
- Why understanding inter-relationships is important (COL Paula Lodi)
- Why understanding inter-relationships is important (LTG H.R. McMaster)
- How an expert ties images together: Demo (COL (ret.) Jim Greer)
- How an expert adapts his understanding when presented with new images: Demo (COL (ret.) Jim Greer)
- Strategies for thinking holistically (COL (ret.) Jim Greer)
- Strategies for thinking holistically (COL Paula Lodi)
- Strategies for thinking holistically (LTG H.R. McMaster)
- Importance of visual thinking (COL (ret.) Jim Greer)
- Developing systems thinking skills (1) (COL (ret.) Jim Greer)
- Developing systems thinking skills (2) (COL (ret.) Jim Greer)
- Value of “Telling a Story” exercise (COL (ret.) Jim Greer)
- Value of “Telling a Story” exercise (LTG H.R. McMaster)
Foresight skills: Importance, strategies, challenges
- Why thinking in time is important (1) (LTG H.R. McMaster)
- Why thinking in time is important (2) (LTG H.R. McMaster)
- Value of anticipating potential futures (COL (ret.) Jim Greer)
- Making grounded projections into the future (LTG H.R. McMaster)
- An example of thinking ahead (COL (ret.) Jim Greer)
- Considering trends and discontinuities (1) (COL (ret.) Jim Greer)
- Considering trends and discontinuities (2) (COL (ret.) Jim Greer)
- The Janus Cone technique (COL (ret.) Jim Greer)
- Value of “Envisioning Potential Futures” exercise (LTG H.R. McMaster)